After the larger pieces of tartar have been removed, hand tools like scalers and curettes are used to manually remove smaller deposits and smooth the tooth surfaces. These tools are designed to match the curves of the teeth for maximum effectiveness. Once all the tooth surfaces have been cleaned, the teeth are polished using a slow speed hand piece with a soft rubber cup and prophylaxis paste. This paste helps to make the teeth shiny and smooth. Additionally, fluoride may be applied to the teeth to help strengthen the tooth enamel.